MOTS-c 10mg
MOTS-c – a mitochondrially encoded peptide studied for insulin sensitivity and AMPK signaling. Price and batch analysis.
45.00 EUR · In stock
This product is intended solely for scientific and research use, as well as for use as a reference standard in HPLC analysis, and is not an approved medicinal product. It is not intended for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease in humans or animals. It has not been approved by the FDA, the EMA or any national regulator. The information on this page is provided for scientific information purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, a recommendation for use, or any claim of clinical efficacy or safety.
MOTS-c – what the peptide is
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded not in nuclear DNA but in mitochondrial DNA. It belongs to the relatively newly described group of mitochondrial-derived peptides, whose discovery changed the view that mitochondria serve solely an energy-producing function.
The molecule is considered a signaling one – it is hypothesized to carry information from the mitochondrion to the nucleus and to participate in regulatory mechanisms related to cellular metabolism. This type of communication is referred to in the literature as a retrograde mitochondrial signal.
Scientific interest in the compound is directed toward its relationship with insulin sensitivity, glucose utilization, and metabolic adaptation under physiological stress.
Mechanism of action
The peptide is associated with the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) – an enzyme that functions as a sensor of the cell's energy state. When the ATP-to-AMP ratio decreases, AMPK is activated and switches metabolism toward energy-producing pathways.
Translocation of the peptide to the cell nucleus under metabolic stress has also been described, where it is hypothesized to be involved in the regulation of gene expression. This mechanism is the basis for considering MOTS-c a signaling molecule rather than merely a metabolic byproduct.
Research data and observations
Published observations examine the peptide's influence on metabolic pathways related to glucose uptake, including those engaged during muscular exertion. Part of the research focuses on the AMPK enzyme and its role in energy homeostasis.
A separate line of work tracks endogenous peptide concentrations and their relationship with age and metabolic status. These observations are mostly associative and do not establish a causal relationship.
Much of the available data originates from cellular and animal models. Translating these findings to human conditions remains an open question in the literature.
Some studies examine the relationship between the peptide and physical exertion, noting changes in its concentrations after exercise. The direction of this relationship – whether exertion raises the levels, or elevated levels facilitate adaptation – remains a subject of discussion.
The relationship with insulin resistance is also being studied in models of metabolic syndrome. The observations are mostly associative and do not establish a causal dependency under human conditions.
Sample calculations
The calculations below are purely mathematical examples illustrating the relationship between the total amount of substance, the volume of solvent, and the resulting concentration. They do not represent a dosing recommendation, administration schedule, or instructions for use.
When dissolving 10 mg with 2 ml of bacteriostatic water:
The resulting concentration is 5 mg/ml, with 0.20 ml containing 1 mg of substance.
Sample values:
- 0.1 ml = 0.5 mg
- 0.2 ml = 1 mg
- 0.3 ml = 1.5 mg
- 0.4 ml = 2 mg
- 0.5 ml = 2.5 mg
Overview of scientific publications
Mitochondrially encoded peptides have been described relatively recently, and the literature in this field is in an early stage of accumulation. The number of publications is growing, but methodological diversity makes generalization difficult.
Some studies focus on the mechanism, while others focus on possible biomarker applications of peptide concentrations.
Since the group of mitochondrially encoded peptides has only been described within the last decade, standardized measurement methodologies are still being developed. This means results from different laboratories are not always directly comparable.
Safety data from studies
The tolerability profile of mitochondrially encoded peptides is poorly documented due to the early stage of research. Systematic data from long-term observations are lacking.
This incompleteness of the literature should be taken into account when interpreting any available results.
The product is intended exclusively for research purposes. It is not a food, dietary supplement, or medicinal product and is not intended for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease.